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Muslim League
In bedtime stories, I heard from my Boro Ma ( culturally, we call Boro Ma to a woman who comes to the family as the first wife for uncles or father's Cousins) that my grandfather took a horse to go Dhaka to take part in the Muslim League meeting. Dhaka Nawab sent risalah (Officially invitation) to my great grandfather Muhammed Hasim Khalisdar, but he refused to go to Dhaka due to his health concern. Instead, in winter, my grandfather Muhammed Masim Khalisdar went as one of the Assam state delegates.
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My grandfather went to the meeting not because he agreed with creating a political party. He went to the summit only because my great grandfather promised Lord Curzon that he would be part of a political process if he partitioned the Bengal. Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There are four (characteristics), whoever has them is a hypocrite, and whoever has one of the four has a characteristic of hypocrisy unless he gives it up: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise he breaks it; what he makes a pledge he betrays it; and when he disputes he resorts to foul language." Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2327; Muslim, 58.
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On December 30, 1906, Muslim League was formed on record. The objective was to educate Muslims in mathematics, English, Science, and Quran. To integrate Muslims with the British government. To encourage Muslims to take British Governmental jobs because most Muslims used to avoid British. They used to curse them "Bania." or "Guerrilla attacks them." It was the first time in Muslim history that Muslims politically organized to increase political advancement in Bengal and Assam. And Muslim League also laid out a foundation working toward uniting Muslims in India.
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Mullah issued a Fatawi that those who learn English are Kafir.Muslim League played down on this Fatawa And advice to all Muslim Leaguer to teach their children English to compete with Hindus.
During the lunch break, some Muslim Leaguers asked Dhaka Nawab to build a University in Dhaka. The Nawab laughed and said, "we just have a new province and just formed a new party. Can we not wait for a few more years". And everyone laughed at the hall.
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However, Muslim League was stuck inside of the Muslim bourgeois class. It was failing to reach out to ordinary Muslims. Muslim League decided to hire Maulana Bhashani, internationally known as Red Maulana, to work with the poor Muslims to support the Muslim League agenda.
Maulana Bhashani was highly flip-flopped. It was tough to trust him. The inner circle of Muslim Leaguer wanted to use him as a counter to the Gandhi movement. Maulana Bhashani did bring Muslim League into the limelight. He made Muslim League a hundred years ahead of the time in Assam and Bengal.
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On August 16, 1946, Muslim League declared a day of a nationwide protest led by Jinnah. It led to large-scale violence between Muslims and Hindus in Calcutta in the Bengal province of British India.
This incident has a fascinating background. Bangladeshi Bengali Father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman narrated this story to East Bengal Muslim League Leaders after creating Awami Muslim League that "we three made Pakistan, "Jinnah, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and I." "so don't question our patriotism."
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According to the Mujib claim, Jinnah telegrammed Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Chief Minister of Bengal, that "There is a piece of information that British government wants to change the Governor-General. Under the new administration, it would be harder to make a case for Pakistan''. Chief Minister of Bengal, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, responded to the Jinnah telegramme under British Governmental confidentiality rules, "all the options are on the table except partition of Bengal." That was a signal for the Calcutta riot.
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After the telegraph, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy asked Mujib in his office, "Khoka, can you take care of the Calcutta?" Mujib said, "Jee Sir." It needed to be noted, Mujib was very close to Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. In the 1946 election, Mujib was Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, right-hand man. The Bengal Provincial Muslim League won the 1946 general election. Compared to smaller assembly seats in other Muslim majority provinces in India, the League received its largest Assembly seats in Bengal. The result was interpreted as a referendum for Pakistan. How did Mujib come close to Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy? That's a mystery. No one knows for a fact.
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During the riot, Shen came to my father's house in Howrah, India. He was my father's college friend. He told my father to get to the Jeep, quickly "I will drop you close to Benapole." My dad asked him, "why"? He said, "butcher of Calcutta, the Khoka gang mercilessly killing Hindu and looting Hindo stores. In retaliation, Hindu mobs are killing Muslims and looting Muslim property. I heard you are a target because you were a Muslim Student activist in the college. They are coming after you. You have two choices. Stay and die or go with me to save your life. I can't wait that long; they will kill me, too."
My father got into Shen Jeep with a few of his other friends. My dad's eyes were filled with tears because of left the house. The house was built by my great-great-grandfather hundred years ago. Today, he has to leave it in the hand of mobs. His friend dropped him at the Benapole. My father could see the tear was filled with Shen's eyes. Shen gave him a pack of Cigarettes and a hug. My dad said, "it was not expected." Shen said, "It was expected when Suhrawardy was elected as chief minister." His right hand "Khoka is a well-known goon."
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In the late 40s, two political parties were Muslim League, and the Indian National Congress was the two largest political parties in British India. The Muslim League had demanded Pakistan, since its 1940 Lahore Resolution passed in the Muslim League Cabinet, that the Muslim-majority areas of India in the Northwest and the East should make Pakistan.
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In 1946 the British India Cabinet Mission to India for planning the transfer of power from the British Raj to the Indian leadership discussed three political structure possibilities: a center, groups of provinces, and provinces. The "groups of provinces" were meant to accommodate the Muslim League demand. Both the Muslim League and Congress, in principle, accepted the Cabinet Mission's plan. However, Muslim League speculated that Congress's acceptance was a political-strategic move rather than an objective.
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After a lengthy discussion among Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq, Khwaja Nazimuddin, Abdus Sabur Khan, Nurul Amin, Kazi Qader, among many others, the meeting heavily debated the three states theory. Finally, Muslim League agreed that we are Muslim brothers. We must remain united as one nation. Secondly, Banglastan would be inside a big non-Muslim country. The defense would be tough. Muslim League decided to fight for the two-nation theory.
In July 1946, Muslim League withdrew from the three states theory agreement with the Brith Government. Jinnah announced a general strike (hartal) on August 16, known as Direct Action Day, to assert its demand for a separate homeland for Indian Muslims out of certain Northwestern and Eastern provinces in British India
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Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, right-hand man, Khoka, orchestrated a bloody communal riot in a closed-door meeting. The protest triggered massive bloodshed and loot in Calcutta. More than 4,000 innocent people lost their lives, and 100,000 residents were left homeless in Calcutta within three days. These riots spread to Noakhali, Bihar, United Provinces, Punjab, and the Northwestern Frontier Province. This riot was an end for a United India. The religious hatred grows so deep that no leader knows how to control it.
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On August 14, 1947, Pakistan was born under the Muslim League's leadership. Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten and Jinnah conspired to make Karachi Pakistan's capital and transferred power to Jinnah, declaring him as a Governor-General. Mountbatten's excuse was Dhaka is too far from Bombay or Delhi. After the transfer of power, Pakistan can sort things out.
In 1948, Muslim League was divided into two Groups. Muslim League Jinnah was the core principle of secularism, and allegiance to the British Crown Queen Elizabeth is the Queen of Pakistan and Jinnah is the Governor-General. It was dominated by the Aga Khani Shia.
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Pakistan Muslim League's core principle is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Provincial Autonomy, two Pakistan, East and West, and central government is the Islamic Republic of United Pakistan. The Head of United Pakistan Khalifa or President. The prime-ministership. The Prime Minister would be elected by the national assembly members. Dhaka would be the Parliamentarian Capital, and West Pakistan would have a Presidential or Khalifat capital.
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In June 1949, the Muslim League was terrified, which was the end of the Muslim League. Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, who advanced the Muslim League movement in Bengal and Assam, decided to create a new political party, Awami Muslim League, the Muslim League's Gandhi. Without Abdul Hamid Khan, Bhashani's support Muslim League is nothing. Bhashani was the heart and mind of the poor Muslims in Bengal and Assam.
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In 1950, East Pakistan Estate Acquisition Act 1950 greatly affected Hindu Zamindars and Muslim League Leaders because most Muslim Leaders were landowners. However, 80% of the estate (Zamindari) was Hindus.
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In the 1954 election in the East Bengal province of Pakistan, Muslim League suffers a heavy loss. My father managed to win his constituency. The Socialists, Federalists, and Communists' united front showed their muscle—the end of Muslim League popularism.
In 1958 Ayub Khan took over. On the face of the Muslim Leaguers' smile returned. Pakistan Muslim League did not protest the Ayub Khan take over; instead, they welcomed him. Muslim League Jinnah strongly opposed the military takeover. President Ayub Khan's era was a honeymoon time for Pakistan Muslim League. End up with humiliation.
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In the 1970 election, the Muslim League was wiped out in Pakistan East and West. Pakistan Muslim League couldn't manage to have ten seats in United Pakistan. However, it was predicted that the Muslim League would have more than a hundred seats due to speculation of Indian conspiracy and ongoing violence. Muslim League voters confirmed the age between 40-60.
Nevertheless, the 1970 election outcome was due to various factors. After the 1970 cyclones in East Pakistan, the political situation changed dramatically. The pro-Mujib media capitalized on the cyclone and interpreted it as Pakistani sabotage against Bengali.
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After the East Pakistan Estate Acquisition Act 1950, Hindu Zamindars lost billions of dollars in East Pakistan’s assets. Approximately fifteen thousand Hindu Zamindars held more than 80% of the East Pakistan estate lost them all overnight. That’s why they were outraged.
They spread a rumor to their nearly fifty million former proza that Pakistan in wanted to enslave Bengalis that turned into a volcanic hatred between Bengalis and Pakistanis (Muslim League, Jamaat E Islami, Nejami Islami, Pakistan Democratic Party, Pakistan Communist Party, Pakistan Peoples Party, Pakistan Awami (Federalist) Party).
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Despite the outcome, most political parties declared the Election was rigged by Yahya Khan, Mujibur Rahman eight party coalition, and Buttu. That was the end of the Muslim League.